to sharpen

שָׁחַז(cmp. חָזָה) to expose to sight, uncover. Part. pass. f. שְׁחוּזָה; pl. שְׁחוּזוֹת. Sabb.V, 2 רחלות יוצאות ש׳ ewes (on the Sabbath) may he led out (with their posteriors) exposed; ib. 53b מאי שח̇וז̇ות שאוח̇ז̇יןוכ׳ what is shḥuzoth? They tie their tails up in order Ib. מאי משמע דהאי ש׳ לישנא דגלוי הוא what evidence is there that shḥuzoth has the meaning of uncovering? (Answ. ref. to שיה זֹונה, Prov. 7:10, v. שוּזָה.) Hif. הִשְׁחִיז to brighten, polish; to whet, sharpen. Kel. XIV, 5 הסכין משיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה the knife becomes susceptible of levitical uncleanness, when he (the manufacturer) polishes it. Ḥull.II, 3 ה׳ … ועףוכ׳ if one whetted the knife and (in beginning to cut) felt tired, and another person continued the cutting. Bets.III, 7 אין מַשְׁחִיזִיןוכ׳ you must not whet the knife (to slaughter on the Holy Day), but, v. נָשָׂא. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 40c bot. אין מוכרין … ואין משחיזיןוכ׳ you must not sell them (the gentiles in Palestine) weapons or armor, nor may you sharpen weapons for them; a. fr.

שָׁחַז(cmp. חָזָה) to expose to sight, uncover. Part. pass. f. שְׁחוּזָה; pl. שְׁחוּזוֹת. Sabb.V, 2 רחלות יוצאות ש׳ ewes (on the Sabbath) may he led out (with their posteriors) exposed; ib. 53b מאי שח̇וז̇ות שאוח̇ז̇יןוכ׳ what is shḥuzoth? They tie their tails up in order Ib. מאי משמע דהאי ש׳ לישנא דגלוי הוא what evidence is there that shḥuzoth has the meaning of uncovering? (Answ. ref. to שיה זֹונה, Prov. 7:10, v. שוּזָה.) Hif. הִשְׁחִיז to brighten, polish; to whet, sharpen. Kel. XIV, 5 הסכין משיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה the knife becomes susceptible of levitical uncleanness, when he (the manufacturer) polishes it. Ḥull.II, 3 ה׳ … ועףוכ׳ if one whetted the knife and (in beginning to cut) felt tired, and another person continued the cutting. Bets.III, 7 אין מַשְׁחִיזִיןוכ׳ you must not whet the knife (to slaughter on the Holy Day), but, v. נָשָׂא. Y.Ab. Zar. II, 40c bot. אין מוכרין … ואין משחיזיןוכ׳ you must not sell them (the gentiles in Palestine) weapons or armor, nor may you sharpen weapons for them; a. fr.

שָׁנַן(b. h.) to be pointed, sharp; to sharpen.Part. pass. שָׁנוּן, pl. שְׁנוּנִים sharpened; trnsf. ready, quick. Pesik. Baḥod., p. 108a>, a. e., v. שִׁנְאָן. Pi. שִׁנֵּן 1) to sharpen; trnsf. (cmp. חדד) to teach diligently, v. שִׁינּוּן. 2) to brighten, cheer. Ab. dR. N. ch. XVIII והיה מְשַׁנֵּן בה כלוכ׳ and with this (his disposition) he cheered all Israels scholars. 3) to speak distinctly. Y.Ber.III, 6b bot. לא מסתברא … משנן בפיו is it not evident that in reading the Shmʿa every one must recite it distinctly with his own mouth?

שָׁנַן(b. h.) to be pointed, sharp; to sharpen.Part. pass. שָׁנוּן, pl. שְׁנוּנִים sharpened; trnsf. ready, quick. Pesik. Baḥod., p. 108a>, a. e., v. שִׁנְאָן. Pi. שִׁנֵּן 1) to sharpen; trnsf. (cmp. חדד) to teach diligently, v. שִׁינּוּן. 2) to brighten, cheer. Ab. dR. N. ch. XVIII והיה מְשַׁנֵּן בה כלוכ׳ and with this (his disposition) he cheered all Israels scholars. 3) to speak distinctly. Y.Ber.III, 6b bot. לא מסתברא … משנן בפיו is it not evident that in reading the Shmʿa every one must recite it distinctly with his own mouth?

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חָדַד(b. h.) (to cut, point, to be sharp, pointed. Pi. חִידֵּד to sharpen, whet point. Y.Bets. V, 63b top לחַדֵּד ראשווכ׳ they differ as to pointing the top of the spit (on the Holy Day)Trnsf. to whet the mind, to try somebodys acumen, to puzzle. Taan.7a (ref. to Prov. 27:17) אף … מְחַדְּדִיןוכ׳ so do two scholars whet each others mind Naz.59b, a. e. לא אמר … לחַדֵּד בהוכ׳ R. J. said it only in order to encourage the students in raising points; a. e.Part. pass. מְחוּדָּד sharpened, well discussed, clear and ready. Kidd.30a (ref. to ושננתם, Deut. 6:7) שיהוד״ת מְחוּדָּדִים בפיך that the words of the Law be ever ready in thy mouth (Sifré Deut. 34 מְסוּדָּרִים), v. גִּמְגֵּם. Hithpa. הִתְחַדֵּד to be whetted. Gen. R. s. 69 אין סכין מִתְחַדֶּדֶתוכ׳ a knife is whetted on the broad side of another, כך איןת״ח מִתְחַדֵּדוכ׳ so is a students mind whetted by a fellow-student, v. supra.

חָדַד(b. h.) (to cut, point, to be sharp, pointed. Pi. חִידֵּד to sharpen, whet point. Y.Bets. V, 63b top לחַדֵּד ראשווכ׳ they differ as to pointing the top of the spit (on the Holy Day)Trnsf. to whet the mind, to try somebodys acumen, to puzzle. Taan.7a (ref. to Prov. 27:17) אף … מְחַדְּדִיןוכ׳ so do two scholars whet each others mind Naz.59b, a. e. לא אמר … לחַדֵּד בהוכ׳ R. J. said it only in order to encourage the students in raising points; a. e.Part. pass. מְחוּדָּד sharpened, well discussed, clear and ready. Kidd.30a (ref. to ושננתם, Deut. 6:7) שיהוד״ת מְחוּדָּדִים בפיך that the words of the Law be ever ready in thy mouth (Sifré Deut. 34 מְסוּדָּרִים), v. גִּמְגֵּם. Hithpa. הִתְחַדֵּד to be whetted. Gen. R. s. 69 אין סכין מִתְחַדֶּדֶתוכ׳ a knife is whetted on the broad side of another, כך איןת״ח מִתְחַדֵּדוכ׳ so is a students mind whetted by a fellow-student, v. supra.

חֲדַדch. sam(חדדto be sharp, pointed). Targ. Job 41:22. Targ. Y. I Deut. 1:44 דחַדְדָן which sting; some ed. דחדרן, v. חֲדַר. Pa. חַדֵּד 1) as preced. Pi. Sabb.32a (prov.) נפל תורא חַדְּדֵיה לסכינא Ms. M. (ed. חדד, Ms. O. חַדְּדוּ) when the ox is thrown down, sharpen the knife (in critical moments mans sins are visited, v. חִגְּרָא). Ḥull.43b, a. fr. לחַדּוּדֵיוכ׳ to try Abbayis acumen.Part. pass. מְחַדַּד ready in answering questions, well-versed, quick (v. preced.). Erub.13b האי דמְחַדַּדְנָא מחבירי Ms. M. (ed. מחבריא) the reason that I am readier than my fellow-students. Yeb.14a ב״ש מְחַדְּדֵי טפי those of the school of Sh. were more acute. Nidd.14b מחדדי שמעתתיה (read: מְחַדְּדָן), v. infra. 2) to cheer up, entertain. Gitt.68b, v. חַדְוְותָא. Ithpa. אִיתְחַדַּד to be well studied, ready at hand. Keth.62b (read:) מִתְחַדְּדָן שמעתתיה (Rashi: מחדדן) he recited his lessons (traditions) well.

חֲדַדch. sam(חדדto be sharp, pointed). Targ. Job 41:22. Targ. Y. I Deut. 1:44 דחַדְדָן which sting; some ed. דחדרן, v. חֲדַר. Pa. חַדֵּד 1) as preced. Pi. Sabb.32a (prov.) נפל תורא חַדְּדֵיה לסכינא Ms. M. (ed. חדד, Ms. O. חַדְּדוּ) when the ox is thrown down, sharpen the knife (in critical moments mans sins are visited, v. חִגְּרָא). Ḥull.43b, a. fr. לחַדּוּדֵיוכ׳ to try Abbayis acumen.Part. pass. מְחַדַּד ready in answering questions, well-versed, quick (v. preced.). Erub.13b האי דמְחַדַּדְנָא מחבירי Ms. M. (ed. מחבריא) the reason that I am readier than my fellow-students. Yeb.14a ב״ש מְחַדְּדֵי טפי those of the school of Sh. were more acute. Nidd.14b מחדדי שמעתתיה (read: מְחַדְּדָן), v. infra. 2) to cheer up, entertain. Gitt.68b, v. חַדְוְותָא. Ithpa. אִיתְחַדַּד to be well studied, ready at hand. Keth.62b (read:) מִתְחַדְּדָן שמעתתיה (Rashi: מחדדן) he recited his lessons (traditions) well.

חֲצַץPa. חַצֵּץ (denom. of חֵץ, v. חָצַץ) to sharpen, or to shoot an arrow. Targ. Jud. 5:8. מְחַצְצֵי גיריא (missing in ed. Lag.)

חֲצַץPa. חַצֵּץ (denom. of חֵץ, v. חָצַץ) to sharpen, or to shoot an arrow. Targ. Jud. 5:8. מְחַצְצֵי גיריא (missing in ed. Lag.)

חָרַף(b. h.) 1) to scrape, sharpen, grind.Part. pass. חָרוּף, f. חֲרוּפָה, pl. חֲרוּפוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 21 פנים ח׳ sharp (severe) countenance (Var. הדופות).Trnsf. to deflour, v. infra. 2) (cmp. חלף) to change, transform; to change possession. Part. pass. f. חֲרוּפָה designated for change of condition, v. חֲרוּפָה. Nif. נֶחֱרַף 1) (of grist) to be ground; trnsf. to be defloured, have intercourse. Y.Kidd.I, 59a top (expl. Lev. 19:20) נֶחֱרֶפֶת … בכתושה לפני איש ‘neḥĕrefeth by a man means crushed before a man (with ref. to Prov. 27:22, v. הֲרִיפוֹת). 2) to change condition. Kerith. 11a (ref. to נחרפת explained by בְּעוּלָה) מאי משמע … דשנויי הוא (Rashi: דשינויא) what proof is there that neḥĕrefeth has the meaning of change from natural condition? Answ. ref. to הָרִיפוֹת (2 Sam. 17:19) and to Prov. l. c. Pi. חֵרֵף, חֵירֵף (cmp. גָּרַף, גָּדַף) ( to scrape off, to revile, blaspheme, shame. Lev. R. s. 7, end מְחָרֶפֶת ומגדפת she (Rome) blasphemes and reviles. Num. R. s. 10 מְחָרְפָם, v. גָּדַף. Snh.94a, sq. שחי׳ע״יוכ׳ who blasphemed (the Lord) through a messenger; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְחָרֵף, Nithpa. נִתְחָרֵף 1) to be reviled. Midr. Till. to Ps. 74, end שמִתְחָרֵף ומתנאץ which is reviled and blasphemed. Ib. to Ps. 18:1 עד שנִתְחָרַפְתִּי until I was reviled; a. e. 2) to become white, pale. Tanḥ. Bresh. 12 (play on קיץ וחרף) שתהיו מתקייצין ופניכם מִתְחָרְפִין (some ed. מתחפרין) that you will feel nauseous and your faces become pale.

חָרַף(b. h.) 1) to scrape, sharpen, grind.Part. pass. חָרוּף, f. חֲרוּפָה, pl. חֲרוּפוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 21 פנים ח׳ sharp (severe) countenance (Var. הדופות).Trnsf. to deflour, v. infra. 2) (cmp. חלף) to change, transform; to change possession. Part. pass. f. חֲרוּפָה designated for change of condition, v. חֲרוּפָה. Nif. נֶחֱרַף 1) (of grist) to be ground; trnsf. to be defloured, have intercourse. Y.Kidd.I, 59a top (expl. Lev. 19:20) נֶחֱרֶפֶת … בכתושה לפני איש ‘neḥĕrefeth by a man means crushed before a man (with ref. to Prov. 27:22, v. הֲרִיפוֹת). 2) to change condition. Kerith. 11a (ref. to נחרפת explained by בְּעוּלָה) מאי משמע … דשנויי הוא (Rashi: דשינויא) what proof is there that neḥĕrefeth has the meaning of change from natural condition? Answ. ref. to הָרִיפוֹת (2 Sam. 17:19) and to Prov. l. c. Pi. חֵרֵף, חֵירֵף (cmp. גָּרַף, גָּדַף) ( to scrape off, to revile, blaspheme, shame. Lev. R. s. 7, end מְחָרֶפֶת ומגדפת she (Rome) blasphemes and reviles. Num. R. s. 10 מְחָרְפָם, v. גָּדַף. Snh.94a, sq. שחי׳ע״יוכ׳ who blasphemed (the Lord) through a messenger; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְחָרֵף, Nithpa. נִתְחָרֵף 1) to be reviled. Midr. Till. to Ps. 74, end שמִתְחָרֵף ומתנאץ which is reviled and blasphemed. Ib. to Ps. 18:1 עד שנִתְחָרַפְתִּי until I was reviled; a. e. 2) to become white, pale. Tanḥ. Bresh. 12 (play on קיץ וחרף) שתהיו מתקייצין ופניכם מִתְחָרְפִין (some ed. מתחפרין) that you will feel nauseous and your faces become pale.

חֲרַףch. sam( Hithpa. הִתְחָרֵף, Nithpa. נִתְחָרֵף to be reviled); Pa. חָרֵף 1) to sharpen, grind. Targ. 1 Sam. 13:20, sq. Targ. Job 16:9 (not חָרִיף; h. text ילטש).Part. pass. מְחַרַף. Targ. Jer. 9:7 ed. Lag. (oth. ed. מְחָרֵיף, corr. acc.). Targ. Is. 5:28. 2) to blaspheme, revile. Targ. Y. Lev. 24:11.; a. fr.(Ib. 15, sq. יֶחֱרַף Pe.!) Af. אַחֲרִיף to be quick, be early. Snh.70b אַחֲרִיפוּ ועולווכ׳ go in early (before sunset), and leave early, that people may take notice of you. Sabb.115a דהוו קא מַחְרְפֵי that they did it earlier (than they were told to).

חֲרַףch. sam( Hithpa. הִתְחָרֵף, Nithpa. נִתְחָרֵף to be reviled); Pa. חָרֵף 1) to sharpen, grind. Targ. 1 Sam. 13:20, sq. Targ. Job 16:9 (not חָרִיף; h. text ילטש).Part. pass. מְחַרַף. Targ. Jer. 9:7 ed. Lag. (oth. ed. מְחָרֵיף, corr. acc.). Targ. Is. 5:28. 2) to blaspheme, revile. Targ. Y. Lev. 24:11.; a. fr.(Ib. 15, sq. יֶחֱרַף Pe.!) Af. אַחֲרִיף to be quick, be early. Snh.70b אַחֲרִיפוּ ועולווכ׳ go in early (before sunset), and leave early, that people may take notice of you. Sabb.115a דהוו קא מַחְרְפֵי that they did it earlier (than they were told to).

כָּבַש(b. h.; cmp. כָּבַס) 1) to press, squeeze. Ohol. VIII, 5 כ׳ את האבןוכ׳ if one pressed a stone on (weighted) the sheet. Bets.23b שהיא כּוֹבֶשֶׂת because it (the wagon) presses (the ground) down. Sabb.XX, 5 לא כוֹבְשִׁין you must not screw down, v. מַכְבֵּש; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה pressed, compressed; pressing. Ib. 135a; Tosef. ib. XV (XVI), 9; a. e. ערלה כ׳ היא the foreskin (which seems to be wanting) is pressed (to the membrum). Tosef.Ohol.IX, 4 כאילו אבנים כְּבוּשוֹתוכ׳ as if stones were placed tightly upon them. Ex. R. s. 15 ההר … כְּבוּשִׁין עלוכ׳ a mountain on each side pressing upon (preventing the run of) the springs; a. fr. 2) כ׳ פנים (בקרקע) to press the face into the ground, to hide ones self in fear or shame. Snh.19b כָּבְשוּ פניהם בקרקע they cast their looks down (were afraid to give an opinion). Y. ib. X, 27d (ref. to Is. 7:3) א״ת כובס אלא כּוֹבֵש שהיה כובש פניווכ׳ read not kobes, but kobesh, for he hid his face and fled before him; (Bab. ib. 104a דכבשינהו לאפי Chald.). 3) to press vegetables, meat ; to preserve, pickle. Toh. II, 1 האשה … כּוֹבֶשֶׁתוכ׳ if a woman was pressing vegetables in a pot. Ukts. II, 1 זתים שכְּבָשָׂןוכ׳ olives which one pressed with their leaves; a. fr.Part. pass. כָּביּש preserved substance, pickle. Ḥull97b, a. fr. כ׳ הרי הוא כמבושל preserved substances are in ritual law like cooked.Pl. כְּבוּשִׁין. Pes.II, 6. Y.Sabb.I, 3c bot. כְּבוּשֵׁיהֶן preserves made by gentiles; a. fr. 4) Trnsf. to store, hide. Ḥag.13a (ref. to Prov. 27:26) א״ת כבשים אלא כְּברּשִׁים Ms. M. (missing in ed.; v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) read not Kbasim (sheep) but Kbushim (hidden things), v. כִּבְשָׁן; Yalk. Prov. 961.Sot.10b; Macc.23b (ref. to Gen. 38:25) יצאת … ממני יצאו כבושים a divine voice went forth and said, ‘from me went forth the secret things (I declare that Judah is the father of Tamars children; Ar.: ממני היו הדברים כ׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 6); Yalk. Gen. 145; Yalk. 1 Sam. 112. 5) to detain (cmp. עצר). Pesik. Bayom, p. 193b>; כָּבְשָׁה אותם מטרונאוכ׳ the matron detained them one day longer; כבשה אותן התורחוכ׳ the Law detained them one day longer (before the Lord); ib. 195a>, sq.; Pesik. R. suppl., s. 4. Gen. R. s. 8, end האיש כּיֹבֵשוכ׳ the man detains his wife from going out; a. e. 6) to suppress, restrain, conquer. Snh.XI, 5 (89a) הכּוֹבֵש את נבואתו (a prophet) who suppresses his prophecy (being afraid to proclaim it). Ab. IV, 1 הכיבש את יצרו who conquers his passion. Lam. R. to V, 1 כובש את הגדול (not כביש), v. זַרְזִיר I. Y.Succ.V, 55b top עד שאתה מְכַבֵּש … בוא וכְבוֹשוכ׳ instead of conquering the barbarians, come and subdue the Jews; Lam. R. to I, 16; ib. to IV, 19. Ex. R. s. 25 הוא כוֹבְשוֹוכ׳ he suppresses (withholds the evidence) and does not produce it.כ׳ עון to suppress guilt, to forgive, cause forgiveness. Pesik. Eth Korb, p. 61b>; Pesik. R. s. 16, v. כֶּבֶש; a. fr.7) to violate. Esth. R. to VII, 7 (read:) הרי הוא כּוֹבְשֵׁנִיוכ׳ behold, he is attacking me in thy presence.8) to pave, grade a road.Part. pass. כָּבוּש, f. כְּבוּשָׁה. Tanḥ. Ḥuck. 20 דרך כ׳ graded road; ib. ed. Bub. 47; Yalk. Num. 764. (Pirké dR. El. ch. 52 כובשים במזלות, read with Yalk. Josh. 22: חושבים; Yalk. Gen. 77 רוגשים. Pi. כִּיבֵּש 1) to press, squeeze.Part. pass. מְכוּבָּש, pl. מְכוּבָּשִׁים. Tosef.Mikv.VI (VII), 17 לכלוכי צואה … המ׳ (ed. Zuck. והמכושים, corr. acc.) secretory substances … which are compressed, i. e. dried up by being sat upon. 2) (cmp. סָלַל II) to press down, make even, grade. Bets.IV, 5 מְכַבְּשִׁין you may press the ashes down (make a graded surface for baking); a. e.Trnsf. to level, make plain. Cant. R. to I, 2 (play on כבשים, Prov. 28:26, v. כֶּבֶש) כְּבָשִׁים … תהי׳ מְכַבֵּש לפניהםוכ׳ it may be read Kbashim ( grades), as long as thy pupils are young, make the words of the Law plain before them; when they are older reveal to them the secrets (reasons) of the Law; Yalk. ib. 985 הֱיֵה כוֹבֵש לפניהם (another expl., v. infra).כ׳ את הריחיים ( to carve steps for the grain, to put the millstones in working order. M. Kat. I, 9; expl. ib. 10a to sharpen the millstones (v. נָקַר I), (oth. opin.) to cut the hole out for the hopper. 3) (interch. with Kal) to conquer, defeat. Y.Peah VII, 20c top שבע שכִּיבְּשוּ seven years during which they were engaged in conquering the land; Ḥull.17a שכבשו. Sifré Deut. 51 לכַבֵּשח״ל עד שלא יְכַבְּשוּוכ׳ to conquer foreign land before they shall have conquered Palestine. Pes.5b נכרי שכִּיבַּשְׁתּוֹ a gentile who is in thy power. Yeb.65b (ref. to וכבשח, Gen. 1:28) איש דרכו לכַבֵּשוכ׳ it is man who conquers (the earth) but not woman; Kidd.35a; a. fr. 4) to suppress, withhold. Cant. R. l. c. תהי׳ מכבש לפניהםוכ׳ withhold from them, i. e. teach them merely the words of the Law without arguments; (another expl., v. supra). 5) (denom. of כֶּבֶש) to storm, climb over. Tosef.Sot.VI, 6 מכבש את הגנותוכ׳ climbing over the garden fences and violating the women; Gen. R. s. 53; Yalk. Gen. 94 מַכְבִּיש Hif. Nif. נִכְבַּש 1) to be pressed down, suppressed. Pesik. Eth. Korb. p. 61b> כל דבר שהוא נ׳ סופו לצוף whatever is pressed down, is liable to come to the surface again; Pesik. R. s. 16. 2) to be submissive. Midr. Till. to Ps. 30, end when scholars sit down ונִכְבָּשִׁין אלו לאלו and are submissive (respectful) to one another; (Sabb.63a ונוחין). 3) to have surreptitious intercourse. Sifra Emor, Par. 6, ch. V נ׳ עם; Yeb.VII, 5 to נ׳ על. Hif. הִכְכִּיש to climb, v. supra. Hithpa. הִתְכַּבֵּש, Nithpa. נִתְכַּבֵּש to be conquered, be taken. Y.Shebi.VI, 36c bot. כמי שנִתְכַּבְּשוּ they are to be treated as if they had been subdued (in the days of Joshua). Ib. שמא נִתְכַּבְּשָׁהמד״ת perhaps it was to be taken by the command of the Law; Y. Yeb.VII, 8a bot. (corr. acc.). Ex. R. s. 18 עכשיו … מִתְכַּבֶּשֶׁת בידו just now Jerusalem may be taken by him (Sennacherib). (Pesik. Zutr., Ekeb, ed. Bub. p. 30 מתכבשים, מתכבשות, v. כָּתַש.